Thursday, September 5, 2024
Home Blog Page 418

Curcumin naturally fights cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s, obecity

by John Phillip

Natural News

(NaturalNews) Curcumin is one of a small number of super nutrients which has the demonstrated ability to dramatically lower the risk from cancer, heart disease and Alzheimer`s disease and has been shown to influence the storage of body fat by altering fat metabolism.

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol which is extracted from curry powder and has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. You can experience a multitude of health benefits by eating the spice in its natural form or by supplementing with a concentrated extract of active curcuminoids.

Curcumin in the Fight against Cancer

Curcumin has been shown to be a powerful tool in the fight against cancer as it helps to restore immune system function which begins to weaken in many people as a result of decades of poor diet and environmental factors. Curcumin works to bolster immune function by restoring the function of key immune cells known as CD4 and CD8 T cells. According to a study published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry, curcumin increases the production of proteins which are needed for immune cell proliferation while reducing the development of proteins which destroy immune cells.

Curcumin Prevents Clogged Arteries While Lowering Heart Attack Risk

Curcumin influences the formation of dangerous coronary artery plaque by lowering levels of systemic inflammation which are known to cause the foamy substance to become unstable and rupture leading to a heart attack. This super nutrient regulates the action of our genes to inhibit the release of chemical messengers through the body in response to stress, poor diet and our environment. The result of a study released in The Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine indicates that curcumin prevents platelet coagulation which can result in a life threatening blood clot.

Curcumin shown to Prevent Alzheimer`s Disease

Researchers have noted that the incidence of Alzheimer`s disease among the elderly Indian population where curry is regularly eaten with most meals is significantly lower than their western counterparts.

Curcumin exhibits strong antioxidant properties and is known to cross the crucial blood-brain barrier, where it acts to limit the accumulation of damaging plaque; it also reduces the neuronal response to existing plaque tangles. By inhibiting amyloid plaque formation at the synapse where electrical impulses connect different parts of the brain, memory is preserved and symptoms of this devastating disease are minimized or eliminated.

­Curcumin Assists Weight Management Goals

Curcumin helps to prevent obesity and assists natural weight loss due to its ability to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels which are required to form new baby fat cells. This polyphenol also influences how the body regulates triglycerides (blood fats) which are then stored as body fat or burned as a source of energy. A study published in The Journal of Nutrition details how curcumin prevents excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the blood and shifts our metabolism away from fat storage. The study authors conclude that curcumin `may have a potential benefit in preventing obesity.` Very few natural nutrients exhibit such a wide array of health benefi ts as curcumin.

Extensive research confi rms the powerful antioxidant and anti-infl ammatory effects which provide protection against many of today`s most devastating illnesses.

Whether you choose to add curry to your diet or supplement with a concentrated form of this amazing spice, you can be assured of lowered disease risk and improved quality of life.

Raúl Castro launches salvage mission for Cuban Revolution

by the El Reportero’s news services

Raúl CastroRaúl Castro

It had been 14 years coming. But between April 16 and 19, 1,000 delegates finally gathered for the first congress of the Partido Comunista Cubano (PCC) to be held since 1997. President Raúl Castro tacitly acknowledged during his inaugural speech that the Cuban Revolution has been sunk for years, weighed down by cumbersome party structures and excessive bureaucracy.

He argued that if it is to be raised triumphantly to the surface it will require the overhaul of the party apparatus and an infusion of youth: his most eye-catching proposal was for two five-year term limits on officials, not just apparatchiks but also members of the politburo and council of state and even his own position at the head of the Revolution, although by then old age is likely to have carried off all of the históricos.

Humala takes the lead in Peru

On April 24 the first national opinion poll for the decisive second round of ­the presidential elections on 5 June gave leftist nationalist, Ollanta Humala a clear lead (of six percentage points) which is the equivalent of 1m votes. Humala’s lead (42 percent to 36 percent, according to the Ipsos Apoyo poll) is not unbridgeable but if Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of imprisoned former president, Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000) is to overtake him she will have broaden her appeal. Currently Fujimori is ahead in Lima, (43 percent to Humala’s 35 percent) where a third of the electorate lives and in the north. Humala is well ahead in the south and interior.

Uruguay: Falling into a Kantian trap

Often cited (along with Chile) as a regional example of a successful and peaceful transition to democracy after overcoming its military dictatorship, Uruguay is revisiting old demons as it looks set to repeal part of its amnesty laws. The initiative has become the most important political issue in the country, dividing the ruling left-wing coalition, Frente Amplio (FA), and simultaneously sparking high-minded debate about constitutionality, the role of government and even the meaning of democracy itself.

U.S. Govt. Refused Habe as Corpus for Cuban Fighter

The US Government urged to reject an habeas corpus request on behalf of anti-terrorist Cuban fighter Gerardo Hernandez Nordelo, who has been held in US prisons for nearly 13 years now.

This government call implies not granting him a hearing to examine his arguments and the alleged evidence presented against him, which proves again the double standard applied by the White House in its alleged war on terror., Fernando Gonzalez Llort and Rene Gonzalez Sehwerert, also known as The Cuban Five, sentenced in 2001 in a trial full of irregularities held in Miami.

Latin News and Prensa Latina contributed to the report.

How bad U.S.-Latin America policy fuels unauthorized immigration

by Catherine A. Traywick

Media Consortium

Too often, the immigration debate in this country ignores the role U.S. foreign policy plays in fueling unauthorized immigration. But as the Obama administration continues to stall on immigration reform in the United States—all the while moving forward with two contentious trade agreements with Colombia and Panama—the connections between the two are worth examining.

CAFTA impoverished Salvadoran famers

Durind President Obama’s tour of Latin America last month, ongoing mass protests underscored the U.S. government’s own hand in stimulating unauthorized immigration to its borders. Reporting on the president’s visit to El Salvador, for example, Juan Gonzales of Democracy Now! notes that hundreds of Salvadorans gathered to demand the renegotiation of the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), which devastated the country’s agricultural sector, impoverishing and displacing farmers. Considered alongside the country’s tragic history of U.S.-backed military repression (which Democracy Now! explores in greater detail), it should be no surprise that El Salvador is the second largest source of undocumented immigrants to the United States.

NAFTA displaces one million Mexican farmers

The first, of course, is Mexico—which has its own sordid history of U.S. involvement. As Michelle Chen at Colorlines.com explains, “the deregulation of agriculture under [the North American Free Trade Agreement in the 1990s] coincided with the devastation of Mexico’s farm sector, displacing some one million farmers and driving many northward across the border in search of work.”

While NAFTA created considerable economic opportunities for U.S. businesses eager to conduct business in low-wage Mexico, it also allowed American farmers to flood the Mexican market with government-subsidized corn—destroying the country’s own corn industry and bankrupting thousands of agricultural workers.

Obama’s 180 on Latin American policy

It’s worth noting that Obama, during his presidential campaign, promised to overhaul NAFTA on the grounds that “our trade agreements should not just be good for Wall Street, it [sic] should also be good for Main Street.” Yet, as Steve Ellner argues in the latest issue of In These Times, Obama gradually abandoned his initially critical stance on Latin American policy—choosing instead to “placate rightist critics.” Ellner adds that Obama’s shifting position on the pending (CAFTAmodeled) trade agreement with Colombia—moving “from opposition…to lukewarm endorsement…to vigorous support—is just one example of his turnabout on Latin American policy.”

While Obama has taken some steps to address potential labor abuses in the agreement (NAFTA and CAFTA’s absence of such measures is a key criticism of the deals), trade unionists in Colombia and the United States alike have voiced skepticism: Communications Workers of America President Larry Cohen argued against the agreement by pointing out that 15 million Colombians representing 82 percent of the working population are not recognized as workers and thus under the law “have no rights.”

Big Business funds para millitary killings in Colombia

The skepticism is well founded, as the United States has a long history of favoring business interests over the rights of workers— both at home and abroad.

Earlier this month, for instance, evidence surfaced that the Cincinnati-based Chiquita Brands International may have hired Colombian paramilitary groups “responsible for countless killings” as security for its Colombian facilities. This is in spite of the fact that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) concluded an investigation of Chiquita in 2007, ruling that any money paid out to the paramilitary groups—one of which was a designated terrorist watch group—was extorted, and that “Chiquita never received any actual services in exchange for them.”

Jim Lobe and Aprille Muscara of Inter Press Service report that the documents were released by the National Security Archive (NSA), an independent research group, on the same day that President Obama met with Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos to discuss labor rights in the pending trade agreement.

According to Michael Evans, NSA’s chief researcher on Colombia, the evidence against Chiquita is clear. “What we still don’t know is why U.S. prosecutors overlooked what appears to be clear evidence that Chiquita benefited from these transactions,” he told IPS.

U.S. banks launder billions for Mexican drug cartels Even more recently, news broke that the federal government failed to prosecute a number of U.S. banks guilty of laundering billions of dollars for Mexican drug cartels. New America Media/Al Diá reports that Wachovia (now owned by Wells Fargo) alone moved $378.4 billion for cartels through money exchangers and $4.7 billion handled in bulk cash between 2004 and 2007. Yet this past March, the federal government formally dropped all charges against the bank, per a set tle agreement reached the previous year, and despite Wachovia’s indirect role in financing a five-year drug war that has taken countless ­lives and continues to drive unauthorized immigration to the United States.

Boxing

Thursday, May 6 — at Paris, France

Jean Marc Mormeck vs. Fres Oquendo

Saturday, May 8 — at Carson, CA (HBO)

Paul Williams vs. Kermit Cintron

Saturday, May 8 — at Aguascalientes, Mexico

Antonio Margarito vs. Roberto Garcia

Interim WBA World super featherweight title: Jorge Solis vs. Mario Santiago

Brandon Rios vs. Urbano Antillon

Friday, May 14 — at Rancho Mirage, CA (ESPN2)

Julio Diaz vs. Herman Ngoudjo

Dominic Salcido vs. Guillermo Sanchez

Saturday, May 15 — at New York, NY (HBO)

WBA light welterweight title: Amir Khan vs. Paul Malignaggi

Víctor Ortiz vs. Nate Campbell.

Saturday, May 15 — at Culiacan, Mexico (FOX)

WBC lightweight title: Humberto Soto vs. Ricardo Domínguez

­Saturday, May 15 — at Ciudad Obregon, Mexico

IBF featherweight title: Cristobal Cruz vs. Orlando.

Town hall meeting joins youth affected by detentions and deportations with government

­by the El Reportero’s staff

Meli RiveraMeli Rivera

Town hall meeting featuring U.S. youth and families that are being impacted by detentions, deportations, and separation. They will be joined by immigration reform champion Congressman Luis Gutiérrez (D-IL4) Garcia-Villa family, two Dream Act graduate students from Santa Clara State University who are facing deportation.

Among the youths will be Valeria Lorenzo, a Dream Act student who due to her legal status she was not able to benefit from financial aid having to drop out from a 4 year institution and Genesis Pérez, a Bay Area resident struggling with the broken immigration system. Among the officials in attendance will be Rep. Luis V. Gutiérrez of Illinois (D-IL4) Alicia C. Aguirre – Vice Mayor of Redwood City Gilbert Cedillo – Assembly Member Interim Chief of Police, Edward Hernandez Capt. Chris Cesena – Redwood City Police Department.

Every year, nearly 400,000 families are separated because a loved one is deported from the United States. On April 26, state and federal elected officials will participate in a town hall meeting at St. Peter’s Episcopal Church where Bay Area residents will tell their stories about the toll these deportations are taking on their lives. The town hall meeting is part of a national tour, Campaign for American Children and Families, led by Rep. Luis Gutierrez and local community leaders. As part of the event, petitions urging President Obama to exercise his ample executive discretion to provide relief will be signed.

At St. Peter’s Episcopal Church, 178 Clinton St., Redwood City, at 3 p.m.

Dani Towers & Daniel Álvarez Flowers in alive

Dani Towers is a dynamic guitarist, singer, and multi-instrumentalist with a variety of styles and kinds, bringing his talent, knowledge and enthusiasm to performances as soloist and in group, the County of Mendocino to the Mexican border since 1991. Rock music, Spanish ­guitar, salsa, mariachi, folk, top 40, country, jazz, classical, gypsy, Middle Eastern, and several other music of the world are part of the musical repertoire of Dani.

Daniel Álvarez Flores is a singer, composer and virtuous guitarist who studied in his native El Salvador with Cándido Morales, a student of Barrios of Agustín Mangore, as well as in the Conservatory of Music of SF. Daniel he has performed at Mission Cultural Center, the Museum of Oakland, in KQED-TV, and in various cultural events and public festivals through out the Bay Area.

On Thursday April 28, at the Night Art House Gallery, 2905 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley. For more information call 510-472-3170.

Port Rican singer/composer Meli Rivera & the Celtic Trio of Harp Triskela

Celebrates Latin American and Celtic cultures. Followed by two sold-out concerts “Celtic & flamenco Nights” Port Rican singer/ composer Meli Rivera returns from Puerto Rico to the Bay Area to bring her extraordinary mixture of Celtic & Latin American music, baptized in Berkeley as “Celtorican.”

Together with the praised Celtic trio of harp Triskela, the multicultural percussion of Teed Rockwell and the Celtic violin of Teed White, the night will breathe an air of mysticism where the Latin American rhythms and Celtic melodies are mixed in an exceptional fusion of cultures that will make the audience travel in the wheel of time.

Friday May 6, 2011. $18 adv., $20 at the door. At 8:30 p.m., La Peña Cultural Center, 3105 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley. For more information call 510-849-2568. http://www.lapena.org/event/1755.

Zoe Saldaña to be nominated at Late Night Awards

­por Annalis Flores

Zoe SaldañaZoe Saldaña

Dominican-Puerto Rican American actress, Zoe Saldana will be honored at the fourth annual Midnight Awards presented by the Film Society. Saldana has appeared in films such as Vantage Point, The Terminal, Drumline, and NBC’s Law & Order. She is currently the face for Calvin Klein Underwear and the Calvin Klein Envy campaign. Her most infamous role was that of Nyota Uhura in Star Trek and Neytiri in James Cameron’s Avatar.

The late night talk show style ceremony presents the award to two young faces in Hollywood and independent cinema. The actor and actress “bring intelligence, talent, and depth of character to their roles.”

Saldana represents the category with her long standing in Hollywood and her work in the film Colombiana which is set to be released this September.

No more Latin Jazz at the Grammy’s

A recent press conference by Recording Academy President/CEO Neil Portnow, Vice President of Awards Bill Freimuth, Academy Board Chair Emeritus, and GRAMMY winner Jimmy Jam announced a cut in various categories as well as an increase in entries. Among the categories cut by the Academy, ‘Best Latin Jazz Album.’ Artists of this category have now integrated into ‘Best Jazz Intrumental Album’ or ‘Best Jazz Vocal Album.’

This outrage has upset many artists who consider Latin Jazz an art form and a separate category from regular jazz. A petition against the Academy’s changes is underway for many who feel the same way. As John Santos, producer, bandleader, and composer, proclaims, “While our country is in an unprecedented state of Latino demographics and multi-culturalism, NARAS and the GRAMMY’s are moving backwards and embracing anti- immigrant sentiment that is being promoted by certain sectors.” Santos goes on to claim that due to mainstream artists, Latinos will not get the same chances and will be overshadowed by other artists.

Fernando Noriega nominated for best actor

At the WorldFest International Film festival, Fernando Noriega presented “Where the Road Meets the Sun” for the fi rst time in the great city of Houston, Texas.

The Mexican actor is well known for his series “Morir en Martes,” televised on the hit channel Televisa. Noriega was among the nominated for the fi lm “Where the Road ­Meets the Sun.” Although he did not win the category his fellow castmate, Will Yun Lee, won the prize. The fi lm took three prizes for the six it was nominated for, including ‘Best Director,’ ‘Best Actor,’ and ‘Special Jury Prize REMI.’

“Where the Road Meets the Sun” revolves around four individuals living in a Los Angeles, California hostel. Noriega is among the main characters in the fi lm, which also stars Eric Mabius, Will Yun Lee, Luke Brandon Field, and Laura Ramsey. Although the fi lm is hoped to be released in the summer, it will currently make its rounds among festivals such as the Asian Pacifi c fi lm festival. Noriega continues his hit series “Morir en Martes” which begins filming in the next coming months and other projects in store. The first season is already out in stores.

The first 100 days of the nation’s first-ever Latina governor

by José Armas

Hispanic Link News Service

A L B U Q U E R Q U E , N.M. — New Mexico Latinos turned out in unprecedented numbers to vote Republican last fall, making Susana Martínez the first Latina governor in U.S. history. She certainly captured our imagination, especially since she branded herself as the “bold education reform” candidate. So after her first 100 days, what’s the report card on this charismatic leader? First, let’s set the stage:

• New Mexico is the only Latino-majority state in the union. Latino children make up more than 60 percent of its students, outnumbering whites nearly two-to-one. • Our state’s public education system ranks as one of the nation’s very worst. Fewer than half of its high school students graduate in four years.

•Last year Latinos helped outgoing Gov. Bill Richardson pass the Hispanic Education Act, the only law in the country that specifically addresses the nation’s Latino education crisis. Its initiatives have yet to take hold. So, with Latino achievement so dismal, we’ve been waiting anxiously for our bold new governor to act.

After completing her first legislative session, here’s her report card, from a Latino perspective:

• Governor Martínez fought for and was granted a 1.5 percent cut in the state education budget. Then days after the legislative session ended this month, her education secretary Hanna Skandera dropped the bombshell that new cuts were in fact going to more than double the original amount.

• Under another Republican governor 40 years ago, our education budget made up 55 percent of state expenditures. Today Martínez slashed that budget to nearly 39 percent, the lowest in recorded history. This revelation is creating outrage among school districts throughout the state. And others…

• Skandera, an outsider who is white, was brought in by Martínez to design her bold education reform plan. Skandera, in turn, brought in eight other white hired guns, none of whom are educators, to fix us. She’s been bold all right.

• The Hispanic Education Act called for an annual education status report as well as establish an advisory council made up of Latino education experts to help provide the state direction. The first report was posted on the department of education’s web site before Richardson left office.

But days after becoming governor, Martínez had that report pulled. Members of the advisory council, who have never been asked for their counsel, decided to convene on their own. They informed Skandera that they wanted to provide their input before the reform plan is finalized. Another plan, being put together by Skandera and blessed by Martínez with no input from the Latino council, is expected to be unveiled any day now. The council now awaits the possibility of being fired for its own bold initiative.

The New Mexico state constitution calls for “perfect equality” for everyone and mandates that education must be “adequately funded.” Martinez’s budget will now be 25 percent below what experts have determined to be “adequately funded.” Latinos are now, ironically, looking at the real possibility of filing a civil rights case against a Latina governor. Remember, 75 percent of all New Mexico’s students are Latino, Indian or African American. We are among the country’s poorest states due in major part to our  broken education system.

Bringing in white noneducators to fix things promises turmoil. “Bold education reform” is not going to happen by slashing this state’s education to its lowest levels ever. Our dream of “perfect equality” is being relegated to the back of the bus. In another slap at Latinos, Martínez fought to repeal a law that allowsundocumented residents to

apply for driver’s licenses.

­When Martínez’s repeal act was rejected, she immediately began a very public campaign to continue her assault on the law that makes driving safer here by requiring everyone to have insurance and pass a driving test. Martínez did recently receive much attention for signing into law a bill that permits dogs to go into restaurants. Presumably, to eat with the rest of us uneducated masses.

S o w h a t ’ s h e r r e p o r t c a r d ?

While the GOP nationally is preparing to make Martínez their “affirmative action” poster girl, our Latino community’s dream of an  education reform to give our children a fair chance to succeed in life is now shoved to the back of the bus. After 100 days, our freshman governor needs to join the rest of us back here and share the view.

(José Armas, a resident of Albuquerque for 40 years, is an award-winning writer and publisher. Email him at armas@swcp.com)

3 x 1 for deportees

Jorge Mújica Murias

mexicodelnorte@yahoo.com.mx

I had the chance last week, as a member of the Advisory Council of the institute of Mexicans Abroad, to visit that strange country between México and México del Norte, also known as “La Línea”, the “border.” It is not wider than some 200 miles, and it is divided by two by an artificial line, a wall and a river. The border crossing known as Puerta México (México’s Gate) in Tijuana, according to the Commissioner of the National Migration Institute, INAMI, is the exit gate for one out of every three Mexicans deported by the U.S government, some 100 thousand just last year.

They are “welcomed” by the good guys of the Mexican version of La Migra (the bad guys are usually in the southern border and their function is to harass Central American immigrants,) part of a program called “Human Repatriation.” They are given a list of shelters who also provides them with free bedding and meals, they are offered between 50 and one hundred percent of bus or airplane fare to go back to their states of origin, and they are issued a “Deportation Certificate” printed in regular Bond paper that breaks after folding four times to pocket it.

Unfortunately, the “certificate” is useless to board either a plane or passenger bus because it is not a legal “identification”, since it is issued “in good faith”, without real proof of identity and not based on other identification documents, since deportees normally don’t have time to pick up their passport or Matrícula Consular once La Migra arrests them in the U.S. Obviously, their lack of papers does not allow them to obtain an electoral card, the most useful Mexican ID, because they would have to show not only other ID’s but also proof  of residency and so on.

A “Minor” Problem

We had the chance to give a hand to a group of deportees waiting for help under the shadows of the only tree at the gates of the Mexican Migra offi ces, by giving them a simple piece of information. We never saw a sign offering them that information, and the INAMI commissioner did not tell us when we asked, but a simple line workers told us that the DIF (Comprehensive Family Development office, similar to the U.S.’s DCFS), could provide them with a real ID plus the equivalent of a Social Security card, which would enable them to board planes and passenger buses.

What the Mexican authorities did tell us was that their “minor” problem is the big one, meaning the unaccompanied minors deported by the U.S., over 47 thousand last year. The number started growing after President Bill Clinton started Operation Gatekeeper, breaking the “normal” immigration cycle of millions of people going back and forth each year

between México and the United States, thus separating families for many years.The numbers are bad. Some 65 per cent of these children were caught while traveling to reunite with their parents in the U.S. Among those older than 14 years old, about 55 per cent finished junior high school, and 16 per cent fi nished baccalaureates. About 85 per cent of them were born in Michoacán, Jalisco, Guerrero and Oaxaca.

According to the information we received in La Puerta México, between direct help (half or full fares, shelter and food) and indirect help (administrative cost including the ink for the almost useless “deportation certifi cate,) México would need between 180 and 220 dollars per deportee. In round numbers, some 22 million dollars, a budget no agency dealing with them have. They simply can’t help everyone and they can’t pay full fares for everyone. And then the authorities dropped a bomb on us. The Mexican Migra Commissioner suggested starting a 3×1 program for deportees.

The 3X1 are programs where migrants put one dollar, then matched by ­the federal, State and County governments for productive enterprises in México to create and develop local communities. They want our help with their expenses, at the rate of at least 5 million dollars a year.

But 22 million dollars is what Mexico donated to Jamaica after the earthquake; is what the Mexican government returned to Nextel last year because of “wrongful charges” to operate the cellular phone towers; is what the Mexican police “invested” buying Skystar 300 surveillance equipment from the Aeronautics Defense Systems from Yayeh, Israel and dedicated to the war on drugs I think there is money available and we do not need a 3X1 for deportees. What we need is not to help Mexicans when they are deported, but way before they have to leave their communities to emigrate to the United States.

What is HAARP?

­by Marvin Ramíre­z­

­­Marvin  J. Ramírez­Ma­rv­in­ R­­­a­­m­­­­í­r­­­ez­­­­­­­

FROM THE EDITOR: ­Given the latest tsunamis, earthquakes and hurricanes that have stricken several nations in the world, leaving many deaths and destruction, there are beliefs – based on scientific analysis – that those events might have been manmade.

El Reportero found the following article, which due to its length, it will be published in six parts.

What is HAARP?

(A series of six parts)

HAARP FACT SHEET “HAARP”, an acronym for “High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program”, is a project having the goal of studying fundamental physical principles which govern the region of the earth’s atmosphere known as the ionosphere. It is through this region that earth-based communications and radar transmissions must travel to reach satellites or to probe solar and planetary bodies; and conversely, for radio signals from outside the immediate environment of the earth to reach its surface. It also is from these ionized layers that radio waves reflect to achieve over-the-horizon communication and radar systems.

The proposed research will be undertaken using high power radio transmitters to probe the overhead ionosphere, combined with a complement of modern scientific diagnostic instruments to investigate the results of the interactions.

HAARP would be constructed at auroral latitudes in Alaska. A unique feature of the research facility would be a high power high- frequency radio transmitter with the capability of rapidly steering a narrow beam of energy toward a designated region of the sky. Similar, though less capable, research facilities exist today at many locations throughout the world and are operated routinely for the purpose of scientific investigation of the ionosphere. In the US such systems are located at Arecibo, Puerto Rico and Fairbanks, Alaska. Other installations are at Tromso, Norway; Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Apatity, Russia; Kharkov, Ukraine and Dushanbe, Tadzhikistan. None of these existing systems, however, have the combination of frequency capability and beam steering agility required to perform the experiments planned for HAARP. A congressionally initiated effort, HAARP is being managed cooperatively by the Air Force and Navy.

The Air Force is responsible for oversight of the environmental process, site acquisition, and implementation of scientific instruments associated with the facility. The Navy is responsible for procurement of the primary contract to design and construct the high power, high-frequency radio transmitter. Users of the HAARP research facility would include civilian entities such as universities and the National Science Foundation (NSF) as well as military agencies such as the Air Force, Navy, and Advanced Research Programs Agency (ARPA).

Value of Ionospheric Research

The layer of earth’s atmosphere called the ionosphere begins approximately 35 miles above the surface and extends out beyond 500 miles. In contrast to the atmosphere close to the earth which is composed of neutral atoms and molecules, the ionosphere contains both positively and negatively charged particles known as ions and electrons. These ions and electrons are created naturally as a result of the action of the sun’s radiation.

This ionized gas of the ionosphere behaves much differently from the neutral atmosphere closer to the earth. A major difference is that radio signals passing through the ionosphere may be distorted, totally reflected or absorbed. For example, communication links from the ground to earth-orbiting satellites can experience fading due to ionospheric distortion; an AM radio signal sometimes can reflect, or “skip , from the ionosphere and be heard at locations hundreds of miles distant from the broadcasting radio station; the characteristic fading on the high-frequency (HF) or “shortwave” band is due to ionospheric interference. ­Because of its strong interaction with radiowaves, the ionosphere can interfere with communications and radar surveillance systems, which depend on sending radiowaves from one location to another.

Investigations to be conducted at the HAARP facility are expected to provide significant scientific advancements in understanding the ionosphere. The research facility would be used to understand, stimulate and control ionospheric processes that might alter the performance of communication and surveillance systems. This research would enhance present civilian capabilities because it would facilitate the development of techniques to mitigate or control ionospheric processes. Ionospheric disturbances at high latitudes also can act to induce large currents in electric power grids: these are thought to cause power outages. Understanding of these and other phenomena is important to maintain reliable communication and power services. Other civilian applications from the program’s research could lead to improved local and world-wide communication such as satellite communication.

Furthermore, and possibly more significant, is the potential for new technology that could be developed from a better understanding of ionospheric processes. IT WILL CONTINUE IN THE NEXT WEEK’S EDITION.

Minor crimes to be dealt with by the Community Court

­por Marvin Ramírez

El nuevo Fiscal de Distrito de San Francisco George Gascón (de pie),: el Supervisor Scott Wiener, un asistente de fiscal y el supervisor David Campos durante la inauguración del proyecto Corte Comunitaria. (PHOTO BY MARVIN RAMIREZ)The new District Attorney de S.F. George Gascón (standing), Sup. Scott Wiener, an assistant District Attorney and Supervisor David Campos at the Community Court event.  (PHOTO BY MARVIN RAMIREZ)

At a community gathering at Centro Latino of San Francisco, the District Attorney’s Office launched the Community Court Initiative, a pilot project that will try minor-criminal cases outside the traditional court system. Originally, according to news reports, the project is a U.S Justice Department pilot project initiated in November of 1998.

Mayor Gavin Newsom brought a fresher idea about the program during a trip to the Big Apple and copied it for San Francisco starting it in the Tenderloin District. This was back in 2005, but actually started running in 2007, according to records.

The new City District Attorney George Gascón has re-launched it and expanded it to operate in the Mission and the Bayview/ Hunter’s Points Districts San Francisco, as in the past it was first used to prosecute crimes committed in the Tenderloin and South of Market neiborhoods. A neighborhood-based mini-court set up, the project is staffed by volunteers and designed to handle misdemeanor offenses. In the last fi ve years, the San Francisco model has become an outstanding example of how a Restorative Justice program can reduce crime in inner-urban areas, according to the D.A.’s offi ce. The program was established as a collaborative of city departments, neighborhood residents and merchant associations. Starting with two courts, there are now eleven courts in 10 of the 11 San Francisco districts.

As the D.A.’s office describes it, the plan is to discourage criminal violation that impact our City’s neighborhood by helping heal victims, the community and the offenders.

Community courts order offenders to pay restitution to victims when there have been monetary loses o property damage, so creating an atmosphere of inclusion and responsibility in the part of the accused. It also orders those with addictions and anger problems to rehabilitation.

Each community court establishes a fund of their own through fi nes from various misdemeanor offenses. Once the fi nes accumulate in each separate account, the Mayor’s Offi ce of Criminal Justice issues an RFT (Request for Proposal) Request, usually three times a year. ­Any non-profit organization in any of the communities can apply to do neighborhood improvements and other activities that fi t the criteria of the RFP.

San Francisco’s Community Courts are organized and staffed by the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office and CaCDS. The program has drawn increasing collaborative support from The Superior Court, San Francisco’s Mayor’s Offi ce, Board of Supervisors, The Public Defenders Offi ce, the San Francisco Police Department and San Francisco Pretrial Diversion Inc.