Gov. Gavin Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta announced the lawsuit Wednesday, saying the tariffs hurt “states, consumers and businesses”

by Alexei Koseff

With the state budget hanging precariously in the balance, Gov. Gavin Newsom filed a lawsuit today to block President Donald Trump’s tariff powers.

The lawsuit, which Newsom and Attorney General Rob Bonta filed in federal court in San Francisco, argues that Trump does not have the constitutional authority to unilaterally enact tariffs. Trump cited the United States’ large trade deficit to declare a national emergency earlier this month and impose sweeping import taxes on the rest of the world.

Visiting an almond farm in Turlock, which stands to lose export business to retaliatory tariffs, Newsom expressed anger over the “toxic uncertainty” of the president’s trade policy. He said the policies are harming California more than any other state and called the tariffs a betrayal of the voters who supported Trump because of his promise to bring down the cost of living.

“This is recklessness at another level. The geopolitical impacts are outsized. The trade impacts are outsized,” Newsom said. “No rationale, no plan, no conscience to what it’s doing to real people.”

In a matter of days in early April, Trump invoked the International Emergency Economic

Powers Act of 1977 to establish a universal 10% tariff on all countries importing goods to the United States, with even higher reciprocal tariffs on some nations, then abruptly reversed course hours after they took effect, pausing most of the reciprocal tariffs while ratcheting up the import tax on China to 145%.

The chaos tanked the stock market, a huge risk for California’s forthcoming budget, which depends disproportionately on income tax revenue from capital gains earned by the wealthiest taxpayers. The state is also particularly vulnerable to other economic pain from the tariffs, because China is California’s largest trading partner, propping up manufacturing, agriculture, tourism and major ports in Los Angeles, Long Beach and Oakland.

Other significant potential impacts for California include driving up the cost of construction materials just as Los Angeles begins rebuilding from a series of devastating fires that flattened several neighborhoods in January.

California’s economic outlook is declining

Newsom said today that, anticipating higher inflation and higher unemployment from the tariffs, he has downgraded California’s economic outlook in a revised budget proposal that he plans to unveil next month. Though did not speak to Trump about the lawsuit, he said he gave the White House a heads up.

In a statement, the White House slammed Newsom for undermining Trump’s efforts to rescue American industry.

“Instead of focusing on California’s rampant crime, homelessness, and unaffordability, Gavin Newsom is spending his time trying to block President Trump’s historic efforts to finally address the national emergency of our country’s persistent goods trade deficits,” spokesperson Kush Desai said.

In their lawsuit, the fifteenth that California has filed against the Trump administration since January, Newsom and Bonta asked a judge to immediately pause Trump’s tariffs.

The state contends that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act specifies many remedies a president can take in response to a foreign economic threat, but tariffs are not among them. Without this specific authorization from Congress, the lawsuit argues, Trump’s actions are “unlawful” and “unprecedented.”

Joining Newsom in Turlock, Bonta said Trump was “attempting to override Congress and steamroll the separation of powers” and that his “rogue and erratic tariffs” must be stopped to prevent further damage to California’s economy.

“Trump has had to resort to creating bogus national emergencies that defy reason,” Bonta said. “Bottom line: Trump doesn’t have the singular power to radically upend the country’s economic landscape. That’s not how democracy works.”

Alan Sykes, who teaches international trade law at Stanford Law School, told CalMatters that California’s case has merits, but it may be difficult to win.

He said the international powers act is ambiguous about tariffs; they are not explicitly mentioned in the law, though there is language allowing for the regulation of imports and exports. But Congress has also passed other laws over the years giving away their constitutional power to set tariffs. Sykes noted that Trump could shift to citing those statutes instead if his tariffs are struck down.

“Congress has badly over-delegated authority to the president in this regard,” Sykes said. “I’m not terribly optimistic that the courts are going to rein that in.”

The lawsuit continues Newsom’s shift back toward a more aggressively confrontational stance against the Trump administration. After the Los Angeles wildfires, the governor sought to reset his relationship with Trump as he lobbied for federal disaster aid.

But even though Congress has yet to approve any further assistance for Los Angeles, Newsom has begun more vocally opposing the president’s economic policies in recent weeks.

In the wake of Trump’s tariffs announcement earlier this month, Newsom said California would pursue its own “strategic partnerships” on international trade. The state this week launched a new tourism campaign in Canada, which has been the second largest source of international visitors to California but has already seen a steep decline this year.

Newsom was unusually harsh when speaking about Trump’s tariffs in Turlock, calling them the “poster child” for stupidity and an example of “crony capitalism” because of the president’s willingness to exempt products from favored industries such as electronics manufacturing.

“This is the personification of corruption,” Newsom said. “How in the hell are we sitting by and letting this happen?”

Rumors of immigration raids are changing life from Modesto to Bakersfield, with attendance down in the Fresno Diocese and some families afraid to go outside

by Nigel Duara

Truth be told, there’s a lot of white trucks in Modesto.

White Dodge Rams, white GMC Sierras, white F150s, white Ford Transit vans, white Suburbans, white Silverados, white Chevy Colorados. So many white trucks, all of them American-made: a sure sign of danger to people who read about a January immigration raid 130 miles south and spent the next two months watching for signs of the next one.

Regardless of who’s inside, those big white trucks have become a symbol of federal immigration enforcement in the heart of California’s farm country.

“They usually show up in white trucks, that’s the first signal,” said Lorena Lara, director of organizing for the Valley Watch Network, a coalition of volunteer dispatchers and legal observers who respond to reports of immigration raids in the Central Valley. “Then we look for license plates, they’ll say DHS, or there won’t be a license plate. The trucks have big antennas, like huge, always American-made. Sometimes you can see a divider between the front and the back.

“You don’t know which truck will be immigration (enforcement). And our dispatchers will get calls, saying there are trucks in the area, even if it turns out to be construction workers or something. Families are too scared to pick up their kids (from school). They’re too scared to go grocery shopping.”

New Valley Watch volunteers learn to watch for white trucks and vans as part of their training. Those volunteers said the effect lingers: When they’re driving to the grocery store or parking at the movie theater, they can’t help but notice them. And for a moment, they’re afraid.

This is the stated intention of the Trump administration’s plan to deal with illegal immigration, part of what the president promises will be the largest deportation program in American history.

“If you are here illegally, we will find you and deport you,” said Homeland Security Director Kristi Noem earlier this month. “You will never return. But if you leave now, you may have an opportunity to return and enjoy our freedom and live the American Dream.”

While immigration enforcement agents continue to detain individual people outside of their homes or at the entrance to a Walmart, the deportation program’s larger hope is to encourage people here illegally to self-deport by creating enough fear and mistrust among immigrant communities in places like the Central Valley.

It remains to be seen whether the self-deportation plan is working.

As to whether it’s creating fear — that part is working just fine.

“It feels like you’re on edge all the time,” said Blanca Ojeda, a Valley Response Network volunteer dispatcher and a recipient of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, a 2012 program that allows people who came to the country illegally as children to receive deportation deferrals every two years. “It’s constant.”

Attendance at Catholic masses is down in the Fresno Diocese, which includes most of the San Joaquin Valley. Callers to the Valley Response hotline have reported that agricultural workers aren’t going to the citrus fields. They’ve heard reports of parents keeping their kids home from school, a trend documented in attendance figures in similar California communities. The flea market in Fresno has emptied out.

The Catholic masses began shrinking after immigration raids in Bakersfield in January, said Diocese of Fresno spokesman Chandler Marquez, and the attendance drop has been especially pronounced “in parishes that fall within the rural areas of our diocese.”

A key factor in getting people to self-deport is making it easy – in this case with an app in which people can report that they’re leaving the country. But just as important is making people in the country illegally worry about what happens if they stay.

That’s where rumors come in. Most are spread naturally, through honest but wary people who mistake a parked white truck for an immigration enforcement vehicle. Sometimes, Ojeda said, volunteers show up to a report of a raid, only to find the rumors were prank calls.

The effect is the same: Fear has a firm grip on immigrant communities in the Central Valley. Ojeda said some families have refused to leave the house for fear of apprehension by immigration enforcement agents.

The Valley Response volunteers have been collecting their stories. One elementary school student complained in class in February that he didn’t have food at home. Upon investigation, Ojeda said, Valley Response volunteers found that the adults in the family hadn’t left the house since the January immigration raid in Kern County in January and were asking neighbors to pick up their kids from school.

“We got them connected with services, we brought them food boxes, but how many other kids are out there (who) didn’t speak up,” she said.

Ojeda said she gave a know-your-rights lecture at a Catholic church in Merced and noticed all the empty pews, even after a Sunday mass. She said the priest told her that his attendance is down 60 percent-70 percent, especially after the Trump administration issued an executive order allowing immigration raids at places that had protected status under the Biden administration, such as churches, schools and hospitals.

Reports have spread among the volunteers of Immigrations and Customs Enforcement impersonators putting blue and red lights on their cars and pulling people over, something that is happening across the country.

“We asked the (Stanislaus County) sheriff what we should do,” Ojeda said. “He told us that you have to pull over if you see (blue and red) lights, but call 911 immediately, if the person comes to your window, call (police) dispatch immediately and ask for their name, we’ll let you know whether yes, indeed it’s an officer, or not.”

The Stanislaus Sheriff’s Office did not return calls and emails from CalMatters. The sheriff has previously insisted in a video message that his office does not enforce federal immigration law. While California’s sanctuary state law dictates what police are allowed to do regarding undocumented people, the law doesn’t have any bearing on the actions of federal agents.

White lies to mom

When Valley Watch Network director Lorena Lara lies to her mother, she tries to make the lies believable. Sure, it looks grim, she says, but it will get better quickly. They can’t keep targeting people, there’s not enough agents. And even if there were, this government doesn’t have a plan to get rid of all the estimated 11 million undocumented people in this country.

She doesn’t believe any of it. The situation is grim, it’s likely not going to get better for people here illegally. The Trump administration does indeed have a plan – it’s published on the White House website. It’s called “Protecting the American People Against Invasion.”

Lara’s mother is an undocumented immigrant who brought Lara to this country from Mexico. Lara lies to her because, she said, the truth would be worse.

“I tell her, well, things are ok right now,” she said from her office in Fresno. “I’m lying by omission.”

It’s a role reversal for Lara and her mother.

“I remember, growing up undocumented, after a certain point, my mom would say, you know, everything’s going to work out, it’ll be fine, this year something’s going to happen with our (immigration) status,” Lara said. “In 30-plus years, nothing has happened. Nothing is fine.

“And now we have this.”

She’s not telling her mother that reports of Immigrations and Customs Enforcement activity are piling up every day. A public website that collects tips about immigration raids publishes the alerts.

“Saw an officer wearing green outfit with a black vest that said ‘POLICE,’ “ read one alert.

“FBI and ICE were conducting raids in Madera. They seen them behind the Lowe’s. There are a lot of trucks,” read another.

“Black truck with tinted windows and Government plates 100 percent sure it was an undercover,” read a third.

In addition to the Central Valley, there are immigration response groups covering every county, from Los Angeles and the Inland Empire to the Bay Area and the far northern reaches of the state.

Along with answering the hotline phone, the groups are organizing meetings with public officials, holding know-your-rights seminars in immigrant-dominant communities and handing out small red cards that explain people’s rights in English and Spanish.

Their efforts to get a friendly ear with elected politicians — especially sheriffs — have been difficult. And even when they get a meeting, such as the one with the sheriff of Stanislaus County, the outcomes have been dissatisfying.

Law enforcement in the Central Valley seems divided on how to balance its need for cooperation from immigrant communities with the presence of immigration agents in their cities and counties — and staying within the bounds of California’s sanctuary state law.

In Amador County, a foothill community on the east side of the valley, the sheriff has proclaimed that he will deliberately violate the sanctuary law by contacting immigration authorities as soon as he has someone in custody whom he believes to be in the country illegally.

Farther south, at the Fresno Police Department, deputy chief Mark Salazar is working to reassure immigrants that they can safely share tips and communicate with officers.

“The police department tries to ensure it has cooperation from Spanish-only communities,” Salazar said. “DEA, (Homeland Security Investigations), all of them, they know we don’t mess with immigration. We don’t mess with Border Patrol, we’re not here to do raids. And so when your federal partners are doing things like that, then (the community) has to know, it’s not us.”

Salazar said the risk of violating that understanding is grave.

“We can’t break that, because if we break it, I think we’ll go back to having crimes not solved,” Salazar said. “We’ll go back to (the) community not trusting us.”

To Lara, dissolving that trust is part of the Trump administration plan.

“Oh, a thousand percent, a thousand percent that’s part of their goal,” Lara said.

Is it working?

“Yes.”

So she tells her mother things that aren’t exactly true, because it’s easier.

“It feels protective,” she said. “It feels like the right thing to do at the moment because I’m trying to maintain a fine line about, like, educating my mom and also having her not spiral and be in the depressive mode.”

In a small conference room in Fresno, she starts to cry.

“The thing between her and I is that it’s unspoken,” she said. “It’s like, Mom, things aren’t fine. They’re worse. What are you gonna do now? Do you wanna stay here, do you wanna go back? And that’s a question that I personally haven’t had the courage to ask her.”

A call comes in over the hotline.

“Hi, this is Elizabeth, I have not heard anything from my husband,” said the voice on the phone. “I’m really worried about the fact that it’s already another day. The lawyer didn’t call me back, is there anything I can do? Like, just anything that can give me just a little bit of hope?”

Inside the ICE detention center

Elizabeth Chavez sits at a four-seat table in the Golden State Annex, an immigration detention facility outside Bakersfield. Seated to her right is her husband, Alfredo Naranjo, 31, wearing a red jumpsuit. Their three children are in their van in the parking lot, waiting with Chavez’s parents.

“We tell the kids he’s working,” Chavez said.

The eldest child is 5. Chavez worries that he’s starting to catch on to their ruse.

Behind the fear in the Central Valley, behind the smaller classes and empty church pews, is the reality of immigration detention. Along with the alarms, false and real, about white trucks idling behind a grocery store, there are the people sitting in places like this, waiting to learn their fates.

At the detention center’s chain-link courtyard entrance on a chilly weekend morning in March, a dozen people mill around under loops of razor wire, waiting to be buzzed in by the Geo Group private prison company employee who runs the front door.

Each door in this facility is remotely operated by unseen guards. Families walk through the metal detector and follow a guard’s directions to the meeting area. Every 20 feet is another hallway, another door, another buzzer.

A final turn and the detention center’s day room comes into view, about 20 tables spread out over a space about the size of a large public high school cafeteria. At each table is a person in an orange or red jumpsuit, sitting in tiny clumps with the people who came to see them.

Chavez has dyed her hair a dark shade of purple. She is chatty, vivacious and afraid. Her husband is quiet. Together, they try to explain how he woke up on a Tuesday morning ready to take Chavez to a hospital visit and instead arrived here.

It all started with the cat.

As they walked out of their house in Patterson, Chavez saw a white minivan parked outside of their house. Her husband saw a small, white cat on the ground, putting its paws on the passenger side’s doors.

“He’s like, look, the cat is trying to get inside the van, and I was like yeah that’s funny,” said Chavez, 25. “It never crossed our heads that there was people in there.”

They sat down in their car. Then they saw the minivan’s driver activate red and blue lights, no siren.

“All of a sudden someone is knocking on the window, like banging on the window, hard,” Chavez said. “Then they said (Naranjo’s) name, which threw us off so much, it didn’t cross our minds that it was ICE.”

Naranjo stepped out of the car. Chavez said the agents started yelling, then put handcuffs on him. Chavez asked the agents for a warrant, and was told they didn’t need one.

The agents told Chavez that Mexico was “asking for” Naranjo. She asked the agent what Naranjo was accused of doing and the agent told her to ask her husband. Naranjo denied knowing what they were talking about.

The agents knew Chavez’s name. Even though she has legal status in this country, she was immediately terrified that they were about to take her, too.

Friends directed her to the Valley Response hotline, which connected her with an immigration attorney. So far, the government of Mexico has not provided any documentation indicating that it asked for Naranjo’s detention.

“We don’t know specifically why ICE may have been targeting him,” said attorney Katie Kavanagh of the California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice. “It’s in line with what we’ve been seeing in enforcement actions throughout northern (and) Central California. We are seeing a lot of folks, even with little or no history of criminal arrests, being targeted simply because they have an immigration history.”

Naranjo said he has crossed the border only once, in 2016, and has no other criminal charges against him, but did once get a speeding ticket. CalMatters was unable to find a criminal history for him in Mexico or determine if one exists.

“When he was talking to the kids, he broke down,” Chavez said about Naranjo’s first call after he was detained. “The kids were asking him, like, when are you coming back? How are you doing your homework? Aren’t you coming home?”

The eldest child started to cry, she said, and her middle daughter was starting to sniffle when she decided to lie. For now, the kids still believe he’s at work.

Now, Chavez worries Naranjo’s not eating. Sometimes, he told her, the meal times get pushed back by several hours, and if you miss it, you’ll stay hungry until the next one. But mostly, he tries to assure her that he’s fine and all of this will seem like a bad dream.

“Of course he’s gonna say everything’s OK, because he doesn’t want me to worry about it,” Chavez said. “But I just don’t really know if he’s OK.”

Kavanagh, the attorney who helped with the immediate response, is unable to take on their case. For now, they’re on their own.

So Chavez makes these weekly pilgrimages down to Bakersfield, a three-hour drive each way. Out in the parking lot, the kids don’t know their father is just a few hundred feet away.

Past the parking lot is State Route 99, the main north-south artery connecting the Central Valley, where Valley Response volunteers sometimes chase white trucks.

Further east, just visible on a clear day, is the Sierra Nevada mountain range, blue and snow capped and still, and beyond that an apartment complex in Denver and a a federal courthouse in Chicago and a car wash in Philadelphia where the largest deportation program in American history is just getting started.