The history and significance of the National Conservatory of Music make it a national pride. Discover more about the legacy of this institution
by México Desconocido
Founded in the mid-19th century, the National Conservatory of Music stands as one of Mexico’s most emblematic artistic institutions. Throughout its history, it has shaped the country’s musical landscape, becoming a bastion of music education and culture.
This institution has not only trained some of Mexico’s greatest composers and performers but has also reflected the historical and social context that accompanied its development.
When Was the National Conservatory of Music Founded?
The Historical Context of Its Foundation
During the Second Mexican Empire, Mexico experienced a period of intense transformation. Under the reign of Maximilian of Habsburg, European influence deeply impacted various areas, including education and the arts.
This period was pivotal for the establishment of cultural institutions like the National Conservatory of Music. In 1866, despite political and social tensions, the country sought to modernize, and music became a vehicle for expression and social cohesion.
Exact Foundation Date and Early Years
January 14, 1866, marks the official founding of the National Conservatory of Music, initiated by the Mexican Philharmonic Society.
The institution opened its doors a few months later, on July 1 of the same year, in a house that previously housed the music academy of Father Agustín Caballero, who became its first director. From the beginning, the conservatory’s mission was clear: to train skilled musicians and elevate the nation’s artistic standards.
Who Founded the National Conservatory of Music?
The Figures Behind Its Creation
The creation of the National Conservatory of Music was not the work of a single individual but a group of visionaries led by pianist Tomás León and renowned composer Melesio Morales.
Their efforts were supported by the Mexican Philharmonic Society, which also received backing from figures like Ángela Peralta, who symbolized the country’s emerging talent. The participation of European musicians, including Franz Liszt, highlighted the international significance of the project, with Liszt even offering financial and moral support.
European Influence on Mexico’s Music Education
The Mexican conservatory model was deeply inspired by European music academies, particularly Italian and French institutions.
This influence was evident in its initial pedagogy and repertoire, which emphasized Italian opera and European composition techniques. Over time, this approach adapted to Mexico’s cultural reality, incorporating elements of traditional Mexican music.
Evolution of the National Conservatory of Music
From the 19th to the 21st Century
Throughout its history, the National Conservatory of Music has undergone multiple transformations.
From the Ex-University to the Tabacalera Mexicana Property (1907)
The conservatory’s first location was in the Ex-University building, provided by Benito Juárez’s government to the Mexican Philharmonic Society.
However, by 1907, the structure was in such poor condition that it had to be demolished. This forced the conservatory to relocate to a mansion in the Tabacalera Mexicana area, near the current San Carlos Museum.
Despite this move, the facilities were inadequate for the institution’s needs, lacking a theater and being situated on the outskirts of the city. Major performances were held at the rented Teatro Abreu.
The Moneda Street Mansion (1912–1949)
In 1912, the conservatory moved to a mansion at 14 and 16 Moneda Street, across from the National Museum. While this location offered more space, it wasn’t designed as a music school.
It lacked proper facilities like a concert hall, so important events were held in rented spaces or in the National Museum’s courtyards. During the Mexican Revolution, the conservatory faced numerous challenges. In 1915, its staff was dismissed by order of the Constitutional Army, though the Aguascalientes Convention reinstated them three months later.
Despite these difficulties, the conservatory became a cornerstone of national culture. In the following decades, it played a key role in training musicians who led the Revolutionary Nationalism movement, an artistic trend that defined Mexico’s post-Revolution cultural identity.
The Move to Polanco (1949)
The need for suitable facilities for music education finally led to the construction of a modern campus in Polanco. Designed by Mario Pani and located at 582 Presidente Masaryk Avenue, the new site was inaugurated in 1949, marking the start of a new era for the conservatory. This building, specifically conceived as a music school, remains its home to this day.
What Makes the National Conservatory of Music an Icon?
Facilities and Academic Programs
Located in Mexico City, the conservatory features modern facilities designed to meet the needs of students and faculty.
Its programs range from classical to contemporary music, offering specialties such as composition, conducting, performance, and ethnomusicology.
Educational Offerings
The conservatory provides robust musical training across three levels:
- Professional Technical Level: Offers 20 careers, including voice, piano, violin, flute, and trumpet.
- Associate Professional Level: Advanced training in performance, with degree options for 20 careers, excluding choral conducting.
- Bachelor’s Degree Level: Covers 23 careers, including performance, research, composition, and teaching, preparing musicians to excel as soloists, educators, or members of orchestras and ensembles.
Spaces and Resources
The Conservatory features facilities designed to foster the learning and creativity of its students. Highlights include:
• The Candelario Huízar Library, housing a unique collection of Mexican manuscripts and scores from the 19th and 20th centuries.
• The Historical Archive and Reserved Collection, containing over 2,000 volumes currently being digitized.
• Classrooms, an auditorium, a cafeteria, and an instrument storage room to meet the needs of its community.
- An Accessible School for Everyone
One of the most remarkable features of the National Conservatory of Music is that it is virtually free, allowing both Mexicans and foreigners to access its educational offerings after passing the admission exams. - Distinguished Students and Artistic Legacy
The National Conservatory of Music has been the starting point for some of Mexico’s most influential musicians, composers, and performers. Their contributions to national and international music reflect the institution’s commitment to artistic excellence. - Carlos Chávez (1899–1978): The Consolidation of Musical Nationalism
Carlos Chávez, one of the most iconic figures in Mexican music history, studied at the National Conservatory of Music, where he developed a deep understanding of the country’s cultural roots. Chávez stood out as the founder and conductor of the Mexican Symphony Orchestra, a platform that promoted the works of national composers.
Most notable works: Sinfonía India and Caballos de Vapor. These pieces integrate indigenous and folkloric elements into a modern symphonic structure, marking a milestone in nationalist music.
• International legacy: Chávez also directed the National Institute of Fine Arts (INBA) and represented Mexico at numerous international cultural forums. - Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940): The Intensity of Mexican Modernity
Another distinguished alumnus, Silvestre Revueltas, is remembered for his profoundly emotional work and his ability to capture the spirit of post-revolutionary Mexico.
Key works: Sensemayá, inspired by a poem by Nicolás Guillén, and La Noche de los Mayas. These compositions blend popular traditions with avant-garde techniques.
• Cultural impact: Revueltas’s music transcended national borders, being performed internationally and solidifying his status as a symbol of musical modernism. - Ángela Peralta (1845–1883): The Prodigy Soprano
Although her connection to the Conservatory was not academic, Ángela Peralta is a figure who inspired generations of musicians trained at this institution. Known as “The Mexican Nightingale,” she was one of the first Mexican sopranos to achieve global fame.
International career: Her talent led her to perform in Europe and Latin America, leaving an indelible mark on the opera world.
• Conservatory legacy: Her life and work continue to inspire students at the Conservatory to achieve success beyond national borders. - Blas Galindo (1910–1993): Innovator and Advocate of Mexican Folklore
Blas Galindo, a disciple of Carlos Chávez, carried on the nationalist legacy by incorporating Mexican folklore elements into his music.
Representative work: Sones de Mariachi, an orchestral suite that pays homage to traditional mariachi sounds.
• Academic contributions: In addition to composing, Galindo was an influential teacher at the Conservatory, passing on his artistic vision to new generations. - Eduardo Mata (1942–1995): A Master of Orchestral Conducting
Eduardo Mata emerged as one of the most important Mexican orchestral conductors of the 20th century.
International career: He conducted the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and collaborated with major orchestras in Europe and America.
• Connection to the Conservatory: Though much of his career was abroad, Mata regularly returned to Mexico to work with the National Conservatory and the UNAM Philharmonic Orchestra. - Prominent Contemporary Artists
The Conservatory continues to nurture talents who shine in today’s music scene:
Alondra de la Parra: Renowned conductor who has brought Mexican music to international stages like Carnegie Hall.
• Arturo Márquez: Contemporary composer whose Danzón No. 2 has become a symbol of modern Mexican music.
• Javier Álvarez: Innovative composer combining electronic music with acoustic elements, showcasing an experimental and modern approach.
Tips for Entering the National Conservatory of Music
Is it difficult to get into the National Conservatory of Music?
Admission to the Conservatory is challenging, requiring a high level of preparation and commitment. Applicants must pass rigorous auditions and meet academic requirements to demonstrate their ability to handle the demanding program.
Advice for Applicants
For aspiring students, solid preparation is essential, including consistent practice, theoretical study, and prior performance experience. Participating in workshops and masterclasses can also make a difference.
Alternative Options for Studying Music in Mexico
While the National Conservatory of Music is the most prestigious institution, Mexico offers other excellent options, such as UNAM’s National School of Music and various private academies with quality programs.
The National Conservatory of Music has not only witnessed but also played a leading role in the cultural evolution of Mexico. Since its founding in 1866, it has trained generations of musicians who have brought Mexican art to the world.
